CO₂ laser marking machines mark non-metallic materials using a high-energy laser beam. Their core structure consists of the following components:
Laser System
CO₂ Laser Tube: Features a hard-glass sleeve structure comprising a discharge tube, a water-cooling jacket, a gas reservoir, and a gas return tube. The discharge tube is filled with a gas mixture-typically CO₂, nitrogen, and helium-which is excited by a high-frequency, high-voltage discharge to generate a laser beam with a wavelength of 10.6 μm.
Resonator Cavity: Composed of a total reflector and an output coupler. The total reflector boasts a reflectivity exceeding 98%, while the output coupler utilizes a germanium substrate coated with multiple dielectric layers to ensure highly efficient laser output.
Optical Path Transmission System
Beam Expander: Adjusts the diameter of the laser beam, reduces its divergence angle, and improves overall beam quality.
Galvanometer Scanning System: Employs high-speed galvanometer motors (for the X and Y axes) to drive mirrors, enabling rapid, two-dimensional scanning of the laser beam. When paired with an F-Theta field lens for focusing, this system ensures high marking precision.
Focusing Lens: Focuses the laser beam down to a micron-scale spot size, thereby increasing energy density and enabling fine, detailed marking.
Control System
Industrial PC and Marking Software: Supports the editing and layout of various content-including graphics, text, and QR codes-and allows for the importation of files in formats such as DXF and PLT.
Motion Control Card: Precisely controls the movement trajectories of the galvanometer motors and the worktable, facilitating high-speed and high-precision marking operations.
Power Supply Module: Provides stable electrical power to the laser unit, the galvanometer system, and the cooling system.
Cooling System
Water Chiller: Circulates cooling water to dissipate the heat generated by the laser tube, thereby maintaining a stable operating temperature for the laser unit and extending the equipment's service life.
Worktable and Auxiliary Systems
Adjustable Worktable: Supports manual or motorized height adjustment to accommodate the marking requirements of workpieces of varying sizes.
Red-Light Positioning System: Assists in the precise positioning of workpieces, enhancing operational convenience.
Smoke Extraction Unit: Promptly extracts smoke and dust generated during the marking process, ensuring a clean and healthy working environment.
