A CO2 laser marking machine is a galvanometer-based laser marking system that utilizes CO2 gas as its active medium. The discharge tube is filled with CO2 gas along with various auxiliary gases-such as helium and nitrogen. When a high voltage is applied to the electrodes within the discharge tube, a glow discharge occurs, exciting the CO2 molecules to generate an infrared laser beam with a wavelength of 10.6 μm (or 10.64 μm). The generated laser beam undergoes energy amplification within an optical resonant cavity. The amplified laser beam is then directed through a galvanometer scanning system to control its deflection path, and is subsequently focused with high precision onto the surface of the workpiece using an F-Theta lens (or focusing lens). The high-energy laser beam interacts with the material-either through thermal processing (inducing localized heating, melting, or even vaporization) or via cold processing principles-to create a permanent mark on the material's surface.
Based on the method of gas flow, CO2 laser marking machines are primarily categorized into transverse-flow laser marking machines and axial-flow laser marking machines. Transverse-flow laser marking machines offer high output power but possess relatively lower beam quality; conversely, axial-flow laser marking machines feature superior beam quality and deliver high marking precision.
